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版本：2.1.0

i18n - 教程

本教程将为你阐述 Docusaurus i18n 系统的基础。

我们将为新建的英文 Docusaurus 站点添加简体中文翻译。

首先，用 npx create-docusaurus@latest init website classic 来创建新站点。（就像这个一样）

配置你的站点​

编辑 docusaurus.config.js，添加对简体中文语言的 i18n 支持。

站点配置​

使用站点的 i18n 配置来声明要国际化的语言：

docusaurus.config.js
module.exports = {
  i18n: {
    defaultLocale: 'en',
    locales: ['en', 'zh-Hans', 'fa'],
    localeConfigs: {
      en: {
        htmlLang: 'en-GB',
      },
      // 如果你不需要覆盖默认值，你可以忽略这个语言（比如 zh-Hans）
      fa: {
        direction: 'rtl',
      },
    },
  },
};

语言名称会被用于翻译文件的位置以及你的本地化网站的 base URL。 构建所有语言时，只有默认语言才会在 base URL 中省略它的名字。

Docusaurus 会用语言名称提供合理默认值：<html lang="..."> 属性、语言标签、日历格式等。 你可以用 localeConfigs 自定义这些默认值。

主题配置​

添加 localeDropdown 类型的导航栏下拉框，让用户选择语言：

docusaurus.config.js
module.exports = {
  themeConfig: {
    navbar: {
      items: [
        {
          type: 'localeDropdown',
          position: 'left',
        },
      ],
    },
  },
};

启动网站​

Start your localized site in dev mode, using the locale of your choice:

npm run start -- --locale zh-Hans

Your site is accessible at http://localhost:3000/fr/.

We haven't provided any translation yet, so the site is mostly untranslated.

提示

使用你所选择的语言，以开发模式启动本地化站点：

你的站点可以在 http://localhost:3000/zh-Hans/ 访问了。

注意

Docusaurus 会为「下一页」「上一页」等通用主题标签提供默认翻译。

翻译你的站点​

All translation data for the French locale is stored in website/i18n/fr. Each plugin sources its own translated content under the corresponding folder, while the code.json file defines all text labels used in the React code.

备注

After copying files around, restart your site with npm run start -- --locale fr. Hot-reload will work better when editing existing files.

翻译 React 代码​

For any React code you've written yourself: React pages, React components, etc., you will use the translation APIs.

Locate all text labels in your React code that will be visible to your users, and mark them with the translation APIs. There are two kinds of APIs:

  • The <Translate> component wraps a string as a JSX element;
  • translate() 函数接受一条文本，返回一个字符串。

复制文件后，请用 npm run start -- --locale zh-Hans 重新启动站点。 热加载功能在编辑已有的文件时会有更好的表现。

注意

A JSX element is an object, not a string. Using it in contexts expecting strings (such as the children of <option>) would coerce it to a string, which returns "[object Object]". While we encourage you to use <Translate> as JSX children, only use the element form when it actually works.

src/pages/index.js
import React from 'react';
import Layout from '@theme/Layout';
import Link from '@docusaurus/Link';

export default function Home() {
  return (
    <Layout>
      <h1>Welcome to my website</h1>
      <main>
        You can also visit my
        <Link to="https://docusaurus.io/blog">blog</Link>
        <img
          src="/img/home.png"
          alt="Home icon"
        />
      </main>
    </Layout>
  );
}
信息

Docusaurus provides a very small and lightweight translation runtime on purpose, and only supports basic placeholders interpolation, using a subset of the ICU Message Format.

Most documentation websites are generally static and don't need advanced i18n features (plurals, genders, etc.). Use a library like react-intl for more advanced use-cases.

The docusaurus write-translations command will statically analyze all React code files used in your site, extract calls to these APIs, and aggregate them in the code.json file. The translation files will be stored as maps from IDs to translation message objects (including the translated label and the description of the label). In your calls to the translation APIs (<Translate> or translate()), you need to specify either the default untranslated message or the ID, in order for Docusaurus to correctly correlate each translation entry to the API call.

text labels must be static

文档网站基本都是静态的，因此不需要高级的 i18n 功能（复数、性别等）。 如果有更高级的需要，请使用如 react-intl 一类的库。 Therefore, dynamic messages can't be extracted, as the message is an expression, not a string:

const items = [
  {id: 1, title: 'Hello'},
  {id: 2, title: 'World'},
];

function ItemsList() {
  return (
    <ul>
      {/* 别这么做：write-translations 命令识别不到这个 */}
      {items.map((item) => (
        <li key={item.id}>
          <Translate>{item.title}</Translate>
        </li>
      ))}
    <ul>
  );
}

This still behaves correctly at runtime. However, in the future, we may provide a "no-runtime" mechanism, allowing the translations to be directly inlined in the React code through Babel transformations, instead of calling the APIs at runtime. Therefore, to be future-proof, you should always prefer statically analyzable messages. For example, we can refactor the code above to:

const items = [
  {id: 1, title: <Translate>Hello</Translate>},
  {id: 2, title: <Translate>World</Translate>},
];

function ItemsList() {
  return (
    <ul>
      {/* 现在这些文本就可以在渲染时被成功翻译了！ */}
      {items.map((item) => (
        <li key={item.id}>{item.title}</li>
      ))}
    <ul>
  );
}

You can see the calls to the translation APIs as purely markers that tell Docusaurus that "here's a text label to be replaced with a translated message".

复数形式​

When you run write-translations, you will notice that some labels are pluralized:

i18n/en/code.json
{
  // ...
  "theme.blog.post.plurals": "One post|{count} posts"
  // ...
}

这在运行时仍然能正确工作。 然而，未来我们可能会提供一种「零运行时」机制，使得翻译会通过 Babel 转换被直接内联在 React 代码中，而不是在运行时调用 API。 因此，为了保证你的代码在未来仍然能工作，你应该始终保持你的信息可以被静态分析。 比如，我们可以把上面的代码重构成：

你可以把翻译 API 的调用看作是纯_标记_，告诉 Docusaurus「这里有一个文本标签，把它替换成翻译好的信息」。

import {translate} from '@docusaurus/Translate';
import {usePluralForm} from '@docusaurus/theme-common';

function ItemsList({items}) {
  // `usePluralForm` 会提供当前语言的复数选择器
  const {selectMessage} = usePluralForm();
  // 根据 `items.length` 选择恰当的复数标签
  const message = selectMessage(
    items.length,
    translate(
      {message: 'One item|{count} items'},
      {count: items.length},
    ),
  );
  return (
    <>
      <h2>{message}</h2>
      <ul>{items.map((item) => <li key={item.id}>{item.title}</li>)}<ul>
    </>
  );
}
备注

Docusaurus uses Intl.PluralRules to resolve and select plural forms. It is important to provide the right number of plural forms in the right order for selectMessage to work.

翻译插件数据​

你也可以给你自己的代码提供复数形式：

  • React 代码，包括你在上面标记的待翻译文本
  • 主题配置中的导航栏和页脚标签
  • sidebars.js 中的文档侧边栏分类标签
  • 插件选项中的博客侧边栏标题
  • ……

Run the write-translations command:

npm run write-translations -- --locale zh-Hans

Docusaurus 使用 Intl.PluralRules 来解析并选择复数形式。 提供的复数形式的数量和顺序都必须正确，selectMessage 才能正常工作。

i18n/fr/code.json
{
  // <Translate> 组件没有 ID：默认翻译信息会被用作 ID
  "Welcome to my website": {
    "message": "Welcome to my website"
  },
  "home.visitMyBlog": {
    "message": "You can also visit my {blog}",
    "description": "The homepage message to ask the user to visit my blog"
  },
  "homepage.visitMyBlog.linkLabel": {
    "message": "Blog",
    "description": "The label for the link to my blog"
  },
  "Home icon": {
    "message": "Home icon",
    "description": "The homepage icon alt message"
  }
}

Plugins and themes will also write their own JSON translation files, such as:

i18n/fr/docusaurus-theme-classic/navbar.json
{
  "title": {
    "message": "My Site",
    "description": "The title in the navbar"
  },
  "item.label.Docs": {
    "message": "Docs",
    "description": "Navbar item with label Docs"
  },
  "item.label.Blog": {
    "message": "Blog",
    "description": "Navbar item with label Blog"
  },
  "item.label.GitHub": {
    "message": "GitHub",
    "description": "Navbar item with label GitHub"
  }
}

JSON 翻译文件用于所有散落在你的代码中的内容：

翻译 Markdown 文件​

运行 写入翻译 命令：

翻译文档​

Copy your docs Markdown files from docs/ to i18n/fr/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current, and translate them:

mkdir -p i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current
cp -r docs/** i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current
信息

Notice that the docusaurus-plugin-content-docs plugin always divides its content by versions. The data in ./docs folder will be translated in the current subfolder and current.json file. See the doc versioning guide for more information about what "current" means.

翻译博客​

把你的 Markdown 文档从 docs/ 复制进 i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current，然后翻译它们：

mkdir -p i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog
cp -r blog/** i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog

翻译页面​

Copy your pages Markdown files to i18n/fr/docusaurus-plugin-content-pages, and translate them:

mkdir -p i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-pages
cp -r src/pages/**.md i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-pages
cp -r src/pages/**.mdx i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-pages
注意

We only copy .md and .mdx files, as React pages are translated through JSON translation files already.

把你的页面的 Markdown 文件复制进 i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content- pages，然后翻译它们：

By default, a Markdown heading ### Hello World will have a generated ID hello-world. Other documents can link it with [link](#hello-world). However, after translation, the heading becomes ### Bonjour le Monde, with ID bonjour-le-monde.

我们只复制了 .md 与 .mdx 文件，因为 React 页面已经在前文中用 JSON 文件翻译好了。

- [链接](#hello-world)
+ [链接](#你好世界)

For localized sites, it is recommended to use explicit heading IDs.

:::

部署站点​

You can choose to deploy your site under a single domain or use multiple (sub)domains.

单域名部署​

这样，你就得本地化所有锚点链接。所以，自动生成 ID 通常不适合本地化站点。

npm run build

对于本地化站点，我们推荐使用**显式标题 ID**。

  • website/build：默认语言英文
  • website/build/zh-Hans：简体中文语言

You can now deploy the build folder to the static hosting solution of your choice.

备注

运行以下命令：

提示

Static hosting providers generally redirect /unknown/url to /404.html by convention, always showing an English 404 page.

Docusaurus v2 网站使用这个方案：

但这不是总是可行的，取决于你的托管商：比如 GitHub Pages 就无法配置，但 Netlify 可以。

多域名部署​

静态托管商通常会按惯例把 /unknown/url 重定向到 /404.html，这样就会始终显示英文版 404 错误页面。

npm run build -- --locale zh-Hans

配置你的主机，将 /zh-Hans/* 重定向到 /zh-Hans/404.html，以确保 404 错误页被本地化。

但这不是总是可行的，取决于你的托管商：比如 GitHub Pages 就无法配置，但 Netlify 可以。

  • 为每种语言做一份部署
  • 配置构建指令，使用相应的 --locale 选项
  • 为每份部署配置一个（子）域名
注意

你可以为某个语言单独构建站点：

混合部署​

在你的静态托管商上：

It is also possible to deploy each locale as a separate subdomain, assemble the subdomains in a single unified domain at the CDN level:

  • 把你的网站部署为 zh-Hans.docusaurus.io
  • 配置 CDN，让它在 docusaurus.io/zh-Hans 提供服务

管理翻译​

Docusaurus doesn't care about how you manage your translations: all it needs is that all translation files (JSON, Markdown, or other data files) are available in the file system during building. However, as site creators, you would need to consider how translations are managed so your translation contributors could collaborate well.

我们将分享两种常见的翻译协作策略：使用 git 和 使用 Crowdin。