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MDX 和 React

Docusaurus has built-in support for MDX, which allows you to write JSX within your Markdown files and render them as React components.

请查看MDX文档，了解您可以使用MDX做些什么有趣的事情。

:::提示 调试MDX

MDX格式是相当严格的，您可能会遇到编译错误。

使用**MDX playground**来调试并确保您的语法是有效的。

:::

导出组件​

要在MDX文件中定义任何自定义组件，您必须将其导出：只有以export开头的段落才会被解析为组件，而非普通文本。

export const Highlight = ({children, color}) => (
  <span
    style={{
      backgroundColor: color,
      borderRadius: '2px',
      color: '#fff',
      padding: '0.2rem',
    }}>
    {children}
  </span>
);

<Highlight color="#25c2a0">Docusaurus 绿</Highlight> 和 <Highlight color="#1877F2">Facebook 蓝</Highlight> 是我最喜欢的颜色。

我可以把我的 _JSX_ 和 **Markdown** 写在一起！

Notice how it renders both the markup from your React component and the Markdown syntax:

http://localhost:3000
Docusaurus green and Facebook blue are my favorite colors.

I can write Markdown alongside my JSX!

MDX is JSX

由于所有文档文件都是使用MDX解析的，任何看起来像HTML的内容实际上是JSX语法。 因此，如果您需要对组件进行内联样式处理，请遵循JSX风格，并提供样式对象。

/* 不要这么写： */
<span style="background-color: red">Foo</span>
/* 要这么写： */
<span style={{backgroundColor: 'red'}}>Foo</span>

导入组件​

您还可以导入其他文件中定义的自己的组件或通过npm安装的第三方组件。

<!-- Docusaurus 主题组件 -->
import TOCInline from '@theme/TOCInline';
<!-- 外部组件 -->
import Button from '@mui/material/Button';
<!-- 自定义组件 -->
import BrowserWindow from '@site/src/components/BrowserWindow';
提示

The @site alias points to your website's directory, usually where the docusaurus.config.js file is. Using an alias instead of relative paths ('../../src/components/BrowserWindow') saves you from updating import paths when moving files around, or when versioning docs and translating.

While declaring components within Markdown is very convenient for simple cases, it becomes hard to maintain because of limited editor support, risks of parsing errors, and low reusability. Use a separate .js file when your component involves complex JS logic:

src/components/Highlight.js
import React from 'react';

export default function Highlight({children, color}) {
  return (
    <span
      style={{
        backgroundColor: color,
        borderRadius: '2px',
        color: '#fff',
        padding: '0.2rem',
      }}>
      {children}
    </span>
  );
}
markdown-file.mdx
import Highlight from '@site/src/components/Highlight';

<Highlight color="#25c2a0">Docusaurus 绿</Highlight>
提示

If you use the same component across a lot of files, you don't need to import it everywhere—consider adding it to the global scope. See below

MDX 组件作用域​

Apart from importing a component and exporting a component, a third way to use a component in MDX is to register it to the global scope, which will make it automatically available in every MDX file, without any import statements.

For example, given this MDX file:

- 一个
- 列表！

和一些 <Highlight>自定义标记</Highlight>……

It will be compiled to a React component containing ul, li, p, and Highlight elements. Highlight is not a native html element: you need to provide your own React component implementation for it.

In Docusaurus, the MDX component scope is provided by the @theme/MDXComponents file. It's not a React component, per se, unlike most other exports under the @theme/ alias: it is a record from tag names like Highlight to their React component implementations.

If you swizzle this component, you will find all tags that have been implemented, and you can further customize our implementation by swizzling the respective sub-component, like @theme/MDXComponents/Code (which is used to render Markdown code blocks).

If you want to register extra tag names (like the <Highlight> tag above), you should consider wrapping @theme/MDXComponents, so you don't have to maintain all the existing mappings. Since the swizzle CLI doesn't allow wrapping non-component files yet, you should manually create the wrapper:

src/theme/MDXComponents.js
import React from 'react';
// Import the original mapper
import MDXComponents from '@theme-original/MDXComponents';
import Highlight from '@site/src/components/Highlight';

export default {
  // Re-use the default mapping
  ...MDXComponents,
  // Map the "<Highlight>" tag to our Highlight component
  // `Highlight` will receive all props that were passed to `<Highlight>` in MDX
  Highlight,
};

And now, you can freely use <Highlight> in every page, without writing the import statement:

I can conveniently use <Highlight color="#25c2a0">Docusaurus green</Highlight> everywhere!
http://localhost:3000

I can conveniently use Docusaurus green everywhere!

注意

We use upper-case tag names like Highlight on purpose.

From MDX v3+ onward (Docusaurus v3+), lower-case tag names are always rendered as native html elements, and will not use any component mapping you provide.

注意

这个功能由一个MDXProvider提供支持。 If you are importing Markdown in a React page, you have to supply this provider yourself through the MDXContent theme component.

src/pages/index.js
import React from 'react';
import FeatureDisplay from './_featureDisplay.mdx';
import MDXContent from '@theme/MDXContent';

export default function LandingPage() {
  return (
    <div>
      <MDXContent>
        <FeatureDisplay />
      </MDXContent>
    </div>
  );
}

If you don't wrap your imported MDX with MDXContent, the global scope will not be available.

Markdown 和 JSX 的交互​

Docusaurus v3 is using MDX v3.

The MDX syntax is mostly compatible with CommonMark, but is much stricter because your .mdx files can use JSX and are compiled into real React components (check the playground).

Some valid CommonMark features won't work with MDX (more info), notably:

  • Indented code blocks: use triple backticks instead
  • Autolinks (<http://localhost:3000>): use regular link syntax instead ([http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000))
  • HTML syntax (<p style="color: red;">): use JSX instead (<p style={{color: 'red'}}>)
  • Unescaped { and <: escape them with \ instead (\{ and \<)
Experimental CommonMark support

Docusaurus v3 makes it possible to opt-in for a less strict, standard CommonMark support with the following options:

  • The format: md front matter
  • The .md file extension combined with the siteConfig.markdown.format: "detect" configuration

This feature is experimental and currently has a few limitations.

Importing code snippets​

You can not only import a file containing a component definition, but also import any code file as raw text, and then insert it in a code block, thanks to Webpack raw-loader. In order to use raw-loader, you first need to install it in your project:

npm install --save raw-loader

Now you can import code snippets from another file as it is:

myMarkdownFile.mdx
import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';
import MyComponentSource from '!!raw-loader!./myComponent';

<CodeBlock language="jsx">{MyComponentSource}</CodeBlock>
http://localhost:3000
/**
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */

import React, {useState} from 'react';

export default function MyComponent() {
  const [bool, setBool] = useState(false);
  return (
    <div>
      <p>MyComponent rendered !</p>
      <p>bool={bool ? 'true' : 'false'}</p>
      <p>
        <button onClick={() => setBool((b) => !b)}>toggle bool</button>
      </p>
    </div>
  );
}

See using code blocks in JSX for more details of the <CodeBlock> component.

备注

You have to use <CodeBlock> rather than the Markdown triple-backtick ```, because the latter will ship out any of its content as-is, but you want to interpolate the imported text here.

注意

This feature is experimental and might be subject to breaking API changes in the future.

Importing Markdown​

You can use Markdown files as components and import them elsewhere, either in Markdown files or in React pages.

By convention, using the _ filename prefix will not create any doc page and means the Markdown file is a "partial", to be imported by other files.

_markdown-partial-example.mdx
<span>Hello {props.name}</span>

This is text some content from `_markdown-partial-example.mdx`.
someOtherDoc.mdx
import PartialExample from './_markdown-partial-example.mdx';

<PartialExample name="Sebastien" />
http://localhost:3000
你好 Sebastien

这是来自 _markdown-partial-example.md 的一些文本。

This way, you can reuse content among multiple pages and avoid duplicating materials.

注意

Currently, the table of contents does not contain the imported Markdown headings. This is a technical limitation that we are trying to solve (issue).

Available exports​

Within the MDX page, the following variables are available as globals:

  • frontMatter: the front matter as a record of string keys and values;
  • toc: the table of contents, as a tree of headings. See also Inline TOC for a more concrete use-case.
  • contentTitle: the Markdown title, which is the first h1 heading in the Markdown text. It's undefined if there isn't one (e.g. title specified in the front matter).
import TOCInline from '@theme/TOCInline';
import CodeBlock from '@theme/CodeBlock';

The table of contents for this page, serialized:

<CodeBlock className="language-json">{JSON.stringify(toc, null, 2)}</CodeBlock>

The front matter of this page:

<ul>
  {Object.entries(frontMatter).map(([key, value]) => <li key={key}><b>{key}</b>: {value}</li>)}
</ul>

<p>The title of this page is: <b>{contentTitle}</b></p>
http://localhost:3000

The table of contents for this page, serialized:

[
  {
    "value": "导出组件",
    "id": "exporting-components",
    "level": 3
  },
  {
    "value": "导入组件",
    "id": "importing-components",
    "level": 3
  },
  {
    "value": "MDX 组件作用域",
    "id": "mdx-component-scope",
    "level": 3
  },
  {
    "value": "Markdown 和 JSX 的交互",
    "id": "markdown-and-jsx-interoperability",
    "level": 3
  },
  {
    "value": "Importing code snippets",
    "id": "importing-code-snippets",
    "level": 2
  },
  {
    "value": "Importing Markdown",
    "id": "importing-markdown",
    "level": 2
  },
  {
    "value": "Available exports",
    "id": "available-exports",
    "level": 2
  }
]

The front matter of this page:

  • id: react
  • description: 得益于 MDX，你可以在 Docusaurus Markdown 文档中使用 React
  • slug: /markdown-features/react

The title of this page is: MDX 和 React